水产生物安保发展趋势与政策建议

本文基于我国水产养殖疫病防控发展的现状和趋势,对我国水产生物安保需求形势形成基本判断。针对水产养殖业"十三五"发展规划,凝练出水产生物安保的战略目标、基本原则和战略重点,并提出了"以生物安保为指导调整我国水产养殖业发展政策""积极与国际接轨提升我国水生动物卫生管理水平"和"尽快实施一批水产生物安保科技重点研发计划"等重大建议;指出应认清生物安保属国家生态安全的战略地位,是行业执政能力的反映,应以生物安保为核心引领我国水产养殖业的技术升级与结构调整,并尽快重点抓好国家级和省级原良种场的生物安保,为我国水产养殖业的健康可持续发展提供支撑。     

中小河流治理水生态功能两级分区研究——以哈尔滨市蚂蚁河流域为例

面向中小河流生态治理需求,阐述了水生态功能分区的内涵,对分区指标体系的构建进行了探讨。基于Arc GIS空间分析平台,以哈尔滨市为对象,考虑气候、地形和人类活动因素,划分了哈尔滨市水生态功能一级分区。分析了蚂蚁河水生态服务功能和流域主要生态环境问题,选取径流深、坡度、地均GDP和水功能区指标,参照子流域及行政边界,划分了蚂蚁河流域水生态功能二级分区。根据水生态功能一级、二级分区结果,提出了哈尔滨市及蚂蚁河流域中小河流治理与保护方向,为该区域水陆一体化管理和生态环境综合治理提供了技术支撑。     

A coefficient of community loss to assess detrimental change in aquatic communities

Many techniques used to evaluate biological community data for effects of wastewater discharge do not discriminate between change and harmful change. A coefficient using the ratio of numbers of taxa lost between an unaffectd reference community and a pollution affected community, to the total number of taxa found in the affected community, provides a better evaluation of detrimental change. The value of the coefficient is determined by both the observed change in community richness as well as change in taxonomic similarity. The coefficient produces values from zero indicating no harmful change to infinity where there is complete loss of a community. Macroinvertebrate data suggests that values exceeding 0.8 are indicative of excessively harmful change in those communities.     

The production of communication signals at the air-water and water-substrate boundaries.

The 2 interfaces of the aquatic environment, the boundary between air-water and water-substrate, have distinctive physical characteristics that facilitate the production of communication signals. Recent evidence suggests that animals living on or near these boundaries use the interface to generate signals in 2 ways: (1) by producing a signal that propagates along the interface or (2) by producing a signal at the interface that is transmitted and detected within 1 of the component media. By examining the diversity of behaviors used to produce signals at these boundaries, the authors illustrate how human perception of these environments may cause researchers to incorrectly assume the environmental context of signal-generating behaviors and overlook modalities of communication pertinent to the animal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

太湖流域水环境评价与管理系统的研制与开发

随着信息技术的快速发展,将GIS技术与水环境专业计算相结合是提高管理水平和节约生产成本的必然趋势。论述了基于DBMS的,具有C/S结构的水环境评价管理系统的实现方法。系统以Delphi7.0为编程语言,利用Mapx5.0,Mapinfo5.5,SQL SERVER 2000专业软件技术,结合无锡太湖局的水环境评价业务开发而成。以客户端/服务器(C/S)结构模式实现了数据管理、水环境评价计算、地理信息实时显示、查询应用、报表管理等功能,具有简洁、高效、稳定、便于操作的特点,并具有良好的可扩展性和可维护性。     

The accumulation of La,Ce and Y by Lemna minor and Lemna gibba in the Keban gallery water,Elazig Turkey

This study investigated the phytoremediation ability of Lemna minor and Lemna gibba to accumulate lanthanum, cerium and yttrium from gallery water polluted by metals. L. minor and L. gibba were settled in the mining water and adapted to separate reactors. During the experiment, the water and plant samples were daily taken and the temperature, electric conductivity and pH of the water were daily measured in situ. These plants were firstly washed, dried in and then ashed at 300°C for 24 h in an oven. Both water and ashed plant samples were measured by ICP‐MS to detect the concentrations of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and yttrium (Y). Although these elements are at low concentrations in gallery water, they were accumulated at the highest levels in L. gibba and in L. minor. This study showed that both plants have high ability to remove lanthanum, cerium and yttrium in gallery water polluted by different elements.     

高校景观湖水水质监测分析

景观水体的建造应在满足美学需求同时维持其生态功能,其水质受环境和入水水质的影响。特别是封闭型的景观水体自净能力较差,水体的氮、磷营养元素长期积累易使水体富营养化。高校中的景观湖水大多为美学效果而构筑,旨在为校园增添怡人景色,创造良好的学习氛围,若水体富营养化后,导致水质恶化,严重时影响师生正常的工作学习。以西南石油大学梦溪湖为例,通过为期一年监测,分析其结果得出梦溪湖的主要污染为富营养化。学校基建处通过完善雨水收集系统、交替种植水生植物和引入鱼类养殖等措施缓解污染程度防止水体进一步恶化。措施实施一年后,再次采样分析,其总氮、总磷含量明显下降。     

金霉素的水解动力学研究

应用紫外分光光度法研究了金霉素在不同温度,不同酸碱条件下及不同水生环境中金霉素的降解情况。结果表明,金霉素较易水解,其水解速率受pH和温度的影响较大。在碱性及中性条件下的水解速率明显大于酸性条件,而高温(70℃)条件下的水解速率远大于室温(20℃);金霉素进入环境水体后,由于各种降解过程综合作用的结果,比用水解试验得出的降解速率要快很多。     

浅谈硒腐植酸钠在水产上的应用

硒腐植酸钠复合了多种有效成分,通过物理、化学作用,吸附和凝聚水中有机物及悬浮物,螯合重金属离子,氧化水体中的氨氮、硫化氢等有毒物质,可迅速将有害的物质去除,转化为有益生物,起到改善底层养殖环境的作用,在水产养殖中具有广泛应用。     

植物修复技术在水环境污染控制中的应用

综述了国内外植物修复的研究进展,阐述了植物修复主要类型及机理。给出多种主要植物的修复特性。分别对重金属,无机营养元素N、P以及有机污染物的植物修复进行论述,认为凤眼莲、水花生和芦苇等水生植物对无机营养元素的修复具有综合功效,植物修复对残余农药、多环芳烃和硝基芳香化合物的治理效果显著。